A Light-Weight Real-Time Privacy Protection Scheme for Video Surveillance by Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)have raised a great concern on privacy recently. A practical method to protect privacy is needed for adopting UAS in civilian airspace. This thesis examines the privacy policies, filtering strategies, existing techniques, then proposes a new method based on encrypted video stream and cloud-based privacy servers. In this scheme, all video surveillance images are initially encrypted, then delivered to a privacy server. The privacy server decrypts the video using the shared key with the camera, and filters the image according to the privacy policy specified for the surveyed region. The sanitized video is delivered to the surveillance operator and anyone on the Internet who is authorized. In a larger system composed of multiple cameras and multiple privacy servers, the keys can be distributed using Kerberos protocol. With this method the privacy policy can be changed on demand in real-time and there is no need for a costly on-board processing unit. By utilizing cloud-based servers, advanced image processing algorithms and new filtering algorithms, this method can be applied immediately without camera software upgrade. This method is cost-efficient and promotes video sharing among multiple subscribers, thus it can spur wider adoption

Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma of ovary: a rare case report

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor with a rare malignant conversion. We report a case of 36 years lady, with an incidental post-operative finding of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in histopathology of the left ovarian dermoid cyst. Postoperatively she was evaluated for the presence of primary thyroid tumor with thyroid ultrasonography, thyroid function test, and anti-thyroglobulin antibody which revealed normal thyroid gland with euthyroid status and negative anti-thyroglobulin antibody, which had ruled out primary thyroid tumor. There are limited case reports on papillary thyroid carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma in absence of a struma ovary and specific recommendations on the plan of its management are not available. This study aims to report a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in absence of a struma ovary

Growth and yield performance of different open pollinated tomato genotypes in Terai region of Nepal

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops inNepal. The productivity of tomato in Nepal is very low due to lack of high yielding, disease and pests resistant varieties.The objective of the experiement was to evaluate the  performance of open pollinated tomato genotypes. Ten open pollinated tomato genotypes were evaluated at on-station research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara in the winter seasons of 2015 and 2017, and seven tomato genotypes were evaluated at farmers’ fields of Bara and Parsa districts, Nepal in the winter seasons of 2017 and 2018.The experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the on-station experiments showed that HRDTOM084 produced the highest yield (29.1 t/ha in 2015 and 28.5 t/ha in 2017)  and showed consistant performance over the two seasons. It was the superior genotype in terms of yield and yield attributing traits. Tomato genotypes HRDTOM011, HRD109, HRDTOM080 and HRDTOM086 were found vigorous with a score value 5  in 1 to 5 rating scale. The results of the farmers’ field experiment showed that the tomato genotypes HRDTOM084 and HRDTOM085 were found more productive and high yielding compared to other genotypes. The highest yield was produced in HRDTOM084 with a mean of two season yield 49.85 t/ha followed by HRDTOM085 with a mean of two season yield 47.42 t/ha).These genotypes showed moderate resistance to late blight and septoria leaf spot with a score value of 2.3 in 1-5 rating scale. Therefore, HRDTOM084 and HRDTOM085 were the most productive and gave higher yield compared to others.  Hence, these two tomato genotypes can be used by tomato growers under field conditions in Terai region of Nepal

Clinico-pathological characteristics of colorectal carcinoma at university teaching hospital, Nepal

Introductions: Colorectal cancer is a major health problem in developingcountries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinico-pathologicalcharacteristics of colorectal carcinoma at Patan hospital, Nepal.Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for patients operatedfor colorectal carcinoma at Patan Hospital from May 2004 to April 2012.Demographic information, chief complains, site of primary cancer, andhistological types were analyzed.Results: There were 73 patients (37 males and 36 females) with colorectalcarcinoma. The mean age was 52 years. There were 21 (28.77%) patients below 40 years of age. Patients with rectal carcinoma presented with bleeding per rectum in 69.70% and 60% of patients with colon cancer presented with pain abdomen. Rectum was involved in 31 (42.47%) and right colon in 30 (41.10%). Adenocarcinoma was seen in 72 (98.63%).Conclusions: The colorectal carcinoma is not only the disease of old age. Wehad 29% of our patients below 40 year. Rectum and right colon were equallyaffected.Keywords: bleeding, colorectal carcinoma, pain abdome

Advances in fruit breeding in Nepal

Nepal has spent about six decades on fruit development and research in different species. Fruit breeding particularly local and exotic germplasm collection started after 1950s and has gained momentum after the formation of commodity programme in 1972 AD. Major researches in the past were focused on indigenous and exotic genotype collection, evaluation, selection, propagation protocol standardization and adoptive trials. Some good ground works have already been done in major fruits such as apple, pear, plum, persimmon, kiwifruit, citrus, litchi, guava, pomegranate, walnut, papaya, banana and mango. The major public institutions involved in fruit breeding are Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) following Agriculture and Forestry University. Some of the private nurseries like Everything Organic Nursery, Kavre and Technology Demonstration Centre of ICIMOD, Lalitpur were also involved in introduction and maintenance of indigenous and exotic fruit species. National Centre for Fruit Development, Kirtipur; Tropical Region Horticulture Centre, Nawalpur; Temperate Horticulture Farm, Satbanj, and Horticulture Farm, Marpha collected many local and exotic fruits and maintained at field gene bank. Horticulture Research Station, Rajikot has introduced 25 spur type apple cultivars and maintained in field gene bank. National Citrus Research Programme, Paripatle has introduced, collected and maintained 130 genotypes including exotic and indigenous landraces of citrus. Two varieties of acid lime ‘Sunkagati-1’ and ‘Sunkagati-2’ have been released and one variety ‘Terhathum Local’ has been registered. ‘Khoku Selection’ of mandarin orange has also been registered. Banana varieties 'Malbhog', 'Willium Hybrid' and 'G9' has been selected by participatory varietal selection and registered.  To strengthen fruit breeding in the nation, NARC needs to be restructured with special focus on fruit researches. Establishment of national fruit commodity programs along with establishment of Tropical Fruit Research Station in Province 2 and Temperate Fruit Research Station in Province 5 at national level can streamline NARC's fruit breeding researches

Sanitation marketing in Nepal in support of open defecation free social movement

Nepal’s Sanitation achievement been accelerated by the sanitation social movementl that prioritizes the elimination of Open Defaecation (OD) in line with the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan launched in 2011 by the Government of Nepal. UNICEF partnered with International Development Enterprises (iDE) Nepal to develop a market-based approach for sanitation for strengthening the sanitation supply chain in eight Terai districts with high rates of OD. A product named “Easy Latrine” was promoted as a major component of the programme that could all be purchased from one retailer in a ‘one-stop shop’ manner to enable an efficient purchasing experience for the consumer. In a period of 18 months, total of 33,730 easy latrines were sold in 56 villages and 6 villages were declared Open Defecation Free. This paper aimed at sharing the experience from implementation of sanitation marketing model

Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy

Introductions: With the advent of newer technology, the era of open surgery for gall bladder diseases has been preferably taken over by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, certain cases still require conversion to open surgery. In this review we aim to analyze the reason for conversion.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Acdemy of Health Sciences, Nepal. All patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from February 2009 to July 2012 were included in the study. File numbers of all the patients were obtained from operation room register. The patient files were analyzed for age, sex, duration of symptoms, liver function tests, ultrasound findings and the description in operation note for reason for conversion.Results: The age ranged from 12 to 81 years with mean age of patients 32.76 years and male to female ratio 1:2.9. The mean operating time was 65 minutes and average post operative hospital stay was 1.61 days. Out of 305 patients, 34 (11.14%) required open conversion. Factors esponsible for open conversion were dense fibrosis at Calots in 11 (3.6%), adhesions due to previous abdominal surgery in 6 (1.9%), uncontrollable bleeding in 5 (1.6%), bile duct injury in 4 (1.3%) cholecystoenteric fistula in 3 (0.9%), Mirizzi’s syndrome 2(0.6%).Conclusions: Adhesions at the calot’s triangle was the common reason for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.Keywords: adhesions, conversion, gallstone, laparoscopic cholecystectom

Growth and yield performance of hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of hybrid tomato lines on growth and yield performance at Regional Agriculture research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Nepal during end of September, 2018 to April, 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven hybrid tomato lines as treatments and three replications. The tested lines included Srijana and Dalila as check varieties and other lines, developed by crossing HRA and HRD lines which showed better performance under late blight conditions. HRA 20× HRD 1 showed significantly higher plant height (110.67 cm) which was statistically at par with genotype HRA 14× HRD 7. The highest number of fruits per plant (69) was recorded from Srijana whereas the lowest number of fruits per plant (37) was recorded from cv. HRA20 × HRD1. The fruit yield of the lines ranged from 50.54 t/ha to 32.2 t/ha with Srijana having the highest yield and HRA 20× HRD 1 as the lowest. Similar results were shown regarding the marketable fruit yield. However, the highest individual fruit weight (34.67g) was recorded in HRA 14× HRD 7 and the least fruit weight was recorded in Srijana (24.22 g). Results showed that the maximum TSS (5.53 0Brix) was recorded from Dalila which was similar as Srijana. Hence, the overall performance of Srijana was recorded superior regarding both quantitative and qualitative suggesting Srijana as the recommended variety in the given domain. Here authors concluded that Srijana is still a comparatively better hybrid variety in Nepal.&nbsp

Plastic Surgery—Myths and Realities in Developing Countries: Experience from Eastern Nepal

B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, is the only tertiary care referral centre in the eastern region of Nepal. This paper discusses the author's experience of starting a plastic surgery unit in eastern Nepal regarding need and present status of plastic surgery care in Nepal. Methods. We analyzed the data of patients treated in Plastic surgery unit from July 2007 to February 2009. We did evaluation regarding type of patients, procedures, and their outcome. We also evaluated the limitations and their possible solutions to overcome the barriers to establish effective plastic surgical centers in developing countries. Results. Plastic surgery services were started as a unit in general surgery by single plastic surgeon and one general surgery resident on rotation. Total 848 patients were treated for different plastic-surgery-related conditions, which included 307 acute burn patients 541 general plastic surgery patients. Trauma constituted the major bulk 22%, followed by tumors 20%, while aesthetic surgery operations were only 10.1%. Conclusions. In developing countries, aesthetic procedures constitute very small part of plastic surgery interventions and plastic surgery units are primarily required for reconstructive needs for optimum management of patients